However, if there is a problem with the reabsorption function, protein, albumin, blood, etc. Protein, albumin, and blood are rarely found in the urine of healthy people because the components our body needs are reabsorbed in the proximal tubule. As the filtrate passing through the glomerulus and Bowman’s sac passes through the proximal tubule, about 80% of most nutrients such as glucose and amino acids and sodium ions (Na +), potassium ions (K +), chlorine ions (Cl −), carbonate ions (HCO −), and other essential electrolytes are reabsorbed, and waste products present in capillaries without passing through Bowman’s sac are secreted back into capillaries. First, there is the excretory function of filtering metabolites and wastes and excreting them in the urine, second, the maintenance of body homeostasis keeps the amount of water, electrolytes, and acidity in the body constant within a narrow range, and the most important feature of the kidney function is the filtering and reprocessing of substances. Kidneys exist in pairs on the dorsal side of the stomach, excreting wastes and maintaining homeostasis in the body, and they have three main functions. The injection-molded polycarbonate microfluidic chip is anticipated to be commercially viable for drug screening devices, particularly ADME tests. As a result, it was confirmed that the cell viability was higher in the 3 μm pore size than in the 0.4 μm, the cell culture performed better, and the drug secretion was enhanced when the pore size was large. Drug excretion was confirmed through a pharmacokinetic test with metformin and cimetidine, and the gene expression of drug transporters was confirmed. As a first step to evaluate the I-M chip, RPTEC (Human Renal Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells) and HUVEC (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells) were co-cultured, and live and dead staining, TEER (trans-epithelial electrical resistance), glucose reabsorption, and permeability were compared using different membrane pore sizes of 0.4 μm and 3 μm. Polycarbonate materials were selected to minimize drug absorption. To simulate the ADME process such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the human body after drug administration and to confirm the applicability of the mass production process, a microfluidic chip injection molded with polycarbonate (injection-molded chip (I-M chip)) was fabricated.
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